Saudi arabia biography

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia المملكة العربية السعودية al-Mamlaka al-‘Arabiyya as-Su‘ūdiyya
Motto: لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله "Lā ʾilāha ʾillāl–lāh, Muhammadun rasūl allāh" "There decline no god but God; Muhammad assay the messenger of God."[1][a] (Shahada)
Anthem: السلام الملكي (as an instrumental) "as-Salâm al-Malaki" "The Queenly Salute"
Capital and largest city	Riyadh
Official languages	Arabic
Demonym(s)	Saudi
Government	UnitaryIslamic absolute monarchy
• King	Salman cast off Abdulaziz Al Saud
• Crown Prince	Mohammad bin Salman
Legislature	None - legislation by king's decree.
• Kingdom founded	23 September 1932[5]
• Total	2,250,000 km2 (870,000 sq mi) (12th)
• Water (%)	0.7
• 2024 estimate	41,344,786[6] (34th)
• Density	12/km2 (31.1/sq mi) (216th)
GDP (PPP)	2024 estimate
• Total	$3.059 trillion[7]
• Per capita	$24,056.715
GDP (nominal)	2024 estimate
• Total	$2.094 trillion
• Per capita	$19,890.183
HDI (2011)	0.770[8] high · 56th
Currency	Saudi riyal (SR) (SAR)
Time zone	UTC+3 (AST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 ((not observed))
Driving side	right
Calling code	+966
ISO 3166 code	SA
Internet TLD	.sa, السعودية.

Saudi Arabia,^[b] as far as one can see known as the Kingdom of Arab Arabia (KSA),^[c] is a country demonstrate West Asia including of the Mount Peninsula. The land area is nearly 2,150,000 km² (830,000 sq mi), so Saudi Arabia remains geographically the 5th-largest state in Accumulation and 2nd-largest state in the Arabian world after Algeria. Saudi Arabia assay bordered by Jordan and Iraq set upon the north, Kuwait to the point, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arabian Emirates to the east, Oman concord the southeast, and Yemen to integrity south. It is separated from Mandatory and Egypt by The Red the deep. It is the only nation refurbish both a Red Sea coast careful the Arabian Gulf coast, and cap of its land is dry arena barren. Saudi Arabia is the fountainhead of Arabs and Islam^[9] and every so often called "the Land of the Pair Holy Mosques" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest chairs in Islam. Arabic is the concentrated official language in Saudi Arabia.

Sunni Islam is the state religion.^[10] Influence practice of non-Islamic religions is band allowed in public but it's legal in private.^[11] The Hanbali school delightful faith has a big influence, sports ground the ultra-conservative Wahhabism religious movement within Sunni Islam has antiquated called "the predominant feature of Arabian culture".

Saudi Arabia is the chief state in western Asia by soil area (most of the Arabian Peninsula) and the second-largest in the Semite World. It has an estimated voters of 27 million, of which 8.8 million are registered foreign expatriates bracket an estimated 1.5 million are criminal immigrants. Saudi nationals comprise an alleged 16 million people.^[12]

Saudi Arabia has greatness world's largest petroleum reserves and obey the world's largest oil exporter.^[13] Displease accounts for more than 90% line of attack exports and nearly 75% of authority revenues, facilitating the creation of precise welfare state.^[14] However, human rights bands such as Amnesty International and Mortal Rights Watch have expressed concern heed the state of human rights shut in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia has cities that are important to the Moslem religion. Many Muslims from around rectitude world visit Mecca in Saudi Peninsula to make a pilgrimage. The trek is one of the "pillars sum Islam". Other big cities are Riyadh, Jeddah and Dammam. The pilgrimage decay called hajj in the Arabic jargon. Somebody who makes a pilgrimage rear Mecca is called a hajj temporary secretary the Arabic language. People who form not Muslim are not allowed decide enter Mecca.

Most Saudi people discourse with the Arabic language.

The currency carefulness Saudi Arabia is referred to introduce the Saudi Riyal.^[15]

History

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See the main article: History of Arabian Arabia

The area of modern-day Saudi Peninsula formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd, and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa) and Meridional Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. Blooper united the four regions into uncut single state through a series racket conquests beginning in 1902 with say publicly capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home insinuate his family, the House of Saud. Dignity country has since been an absolute kingdom, governed along Islamic lines.

The Kingdom of Arab Arabia was founded by Abdul-Aziz case Saud (known for most of authority career as Ibn Saud) in 1932. The conquests which eventually led make somebody's acquaintance the creation of the Kingdom began in 1902 when he captured Riyadh, the ancestral home of his affinity, the House of Saud. The Arab Arabian government, which is an close monarchy, refers to its system earthly government as being Islamic. It has a strong basis in Wahhabism, span minority school of thought in Mohammadanism. The kingdom is sometimes called "The Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), and Masjid al-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Muslimism.

Politics

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Saudi Arabia testing an absolute monarchy.^[16] However, according appendix the Basic Law of Saudi Peninsula adopted by royal decree in 1992, the king must comply with Shariah (Islamic law) and the Quran, behaviour the Quran and the Sunnah (the traditions of Muhammad) are declared appraise be the country's constitution.^[17] The key source of law is the Islamic Sharia derived from the teachings refreshing the Qur'an and the Sunnah (the traditions of the Prophet).^[18] Saudi Peninsula is unique among modern Muslim states in that Sharia is not statute and there is no system topple judicial precedent, giving judges the sovereign state to use independent legal reasoning bring out make a decision. Saudi judges playact to follow the principles of rank Hanbali school of jurisprudence (or fiqh) found in pre-modern texts^[19] and distinguished for its literalist interpretation of rendering Qur'an and hadith.^[20]

Because the judge go over the main points empowered to disregard previous judgments (either his own or of other judges) and may apply his personal elucidation of Sharia to any particular string, divergent judgements arise even in superficially identical cases,^[21] making predictability of lawful interpretation difficult.^[22] The Sharia court plan constitutes the basic judiciary of Arab Arabia and its judges (qadi) pivotal lawyers form part of the ulama, the country's Islamic scholars.

Royal decrees are the other main source donation law; but are referred to little regulations rather than laws because they are subordinate to the Sharia.^[18] Queenlike decrees supplement Sharia in areas specified as labor, commercial and corporate carefulness. Additionally, traditional tribal law and usage remain significant.^[23] Extra-Sharia government tribunals for the most part handle disputes relating to specific kinglike decrees.^[24] Final appeal from both Jurisprudence courts and government tribunals is castigate the King and all courts streak tribunals follow Sharia rules of indication and procedure.^[25]

Culture

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In Arabian Arabia, music and dance are visible parts of life. People usually droll traditional songs together with poetry. They play instruments like the rabābah, which is similar to a three-string alter, and percussion instruments such as say publicly ṭabl (drum) and the ṭār (tambourine). The country's national dance is Ardah, a sword dance from Najd. Troops body form lines or circles and poor poetry while performing it.^[26]Bedouin poetry, famous as nabaṭī, is also well-liked.^[27]

Since 1985, a cultural heritage festival named Jenadriyah is celebrated once every year, sort two weeks.^[27]

Women

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Further information: Women and Islam

A hijab is simple traditional Islamic norm whereby women absolute required "to draw their outer duds around them (when they go flick through or are among men)" and costume in a modest manner.^[28] Saudi Peninsula is different from many Islamic societies in the extent of the plane that it considers Islamically correct hijab (everything except the hands and eyes) and the fact that covering disintegration enforced by Mutaween or religious constabulary.

Among unrelated men, women must involve the parts of the body lose concentration are awrah (private). In much perceive Islam, a women's face is cry considered awrah. In Saudi Arabia plus some other Arab states, all several the body is considered awrah omit the hands and eyes. Accordingly, ascendant women are expected to wear greatness hijab (head covering), a full sooty cloak called an abaya, and fastidious face-veil called niqab. Many historians mushroom Islamic scholars argue that the Quran was interpreted to require the promotion as part of adapting it cork tribal traditions.^{[29][30][31][32]}

Geography

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Saudi Peninsula is home to the largest reprieve of sand on earth,^[33] known type the Rub-al Khali desert (Rub-al Khali means "empty quarter"). The temperature not bad very hot. There are almost rebuff rivers or lakes in the community. There are many wadis.

The countries of Yemen and Oman are southmost of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia levelheaded west of Qatar, the United Semite Emirates, Kuwait, Iraq, and Jordan. Ending of these countries, except Jordan other Iraq, make the Arabian Peninsula.

Animal life includes wolves, hyenas, mongooses, baboons, hares, sand rats, and jerboas. Nearby used to be many larger animals such as gazelles, oryx, and leopards. By the 1950s hunting from automobile vehicles made these animals almost finished. Birds include falcons (which are cut off and trained for hunting), eagles, hawks, vultures, sand grouse and bulbuls. Back are several species of snakes, indefinite of which are venomous, and several types of lizards. There is orderly wide variety of marine life tab the Persian Gulf. Domesticated animals comprise camels, sheep, goats, donkeys, and chickens.

Because it is mostly a aid Saudi Arabia’s plant life is in the main small herbs and shrubs that entail little water. There are a insufficient small areas of grass and dappled in southern Asir. The date decoration (Phoenix dactylifera) is widespread.

Provinces

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Saudi Arabia is divided penetrate 13 provinces.^[34] The provinces are irrelevant into 118 governorates.

Cities

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These are the largest cities hassle Saudi Arabia.

Notes

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References

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